In Europe, more than two million people of working age are diagnosed each year with cancer. The impact on both personal and professional aspects encountered during the disease constitutes barriers and obstacles for these individuals to access, return, or maintain a professional activity. Even after treatments, cancer survivors may be exposed to difficulties in job retention, being even more important for specific populations (e.g., women) or situations (e.g., self-employees). However, it seems that maintaining a professional activity during the treatment care, and afterwards, when it is possible and desired by the employee, contributes to improving the quality of life of people suffering from cancer.